Family in Europe Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Family in Europe - Coursework Example This was commonly communicated regarding the dad as ruler over the family. He was a definitive power who chose all things and in whose hands the government assistance of all refreshed. Nonetheless, issues at the state level started to change this dynamic. It was demonstrated over and over that the rulers didn't really pay attention to their fatherly obligations, permitting a considerable lot of their ‘children’ to kick the bucket of illness and starvation. So as to break with these rulers, it was important to break the linkage in people’s minds between the lord and the dad. This break, once founded, remained and the political job of the family regarding characterizing the activities of the state disappeared. The possibility that the dad was the ruler of the family prompted a characteristic connection between the lord and the dad. Seen as a lord, the King of a country was frequently excessively unique and far off for average citizens to completely comprehend or regard loyalty to. Be that as it may, thinking about the ruler as the dad made him in a split second progressively available as his obligations turned out to be clear in the psyches of the masses. While laborers had an almost no origination of what a lord was required to do so as to cause the state to work productively, they had the option to imagine him as the man dealing with all the high level requests that would be important for the running of a proficient bequest as the dad typically did. This was genuine whether the domain was a rented house on farmland or a great assortment of homes and properties that each must be kept up. This association was strengthened by Biblical association with the errands laid upon Adam and the rela tionship among ruler and God in that each decided the destinies of the group of ‘children’ under him. Adam was given the rulership over all life on earth, featuring the requirement for an incomparable ‘decider’ while God was a definitive dad in heaven.â

Role and Functions of Stock Exchange in India

A PRESENTATION REPORT ON ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF STOCK EXCHANGE INTRODUCTION Aâ stock exchangeâ is a structure ofâ exchangeâ which offers types of assistance forâ stock brokersâ andâ tradersâ to tradeâ stocks,â bonds, and otherâ securities. Stock trades additionally give offices to issue and reclamation of protections and other monetary instruments, and capital occasions including the installment of salary andâ dividends. Protections exchanged on a stock trade includeâ sharesâ issued by companies,â unit trusts,â derivatives, pooled speculation items and bonds.To have the option to exchange a security on a specific stock trade, it must be recorded there. As a rule, there is a focal area in any event for record keeping, yet exchange is progressively less connected to such a physical spot, as current markets areâ electronic systems, which gives them points of interest of sped up and diminished expense of exchanges. Exchange on a trade is by individuals as it were. The u nderlying contribution of stocks and securities toâ investorsâ is by definition done in theâ primary marketâ and ensuing exchanging is done in theâ secondary market.A stock trade is regularly the most significant segment of aâ stock advertise. Flexibly and request in financial exchanges are driven by different components that, as in allâ free markets, influence the cost of stocks (seeâ stock valuation). There is generally no impulse to give stock by means of the stock trade itself, nor must stock be along these lines exchanged on the trade. Such exchanging is said to beâ off exchangeâ orâ over-the-counter. This is the typical way thatâ derivativesâ andâ bondsâ are exchanged. Progressively, stock trades are a piece of a worldwide market for securitiesSTOCK EXCHANGE DEFINITION According to Husband and Dockerary â€Å"Stock trades are secretly sorted out business sectors which are utilized to encourage exchanging protections. * According to protections contract ( guidel ine ) demonstration of 1956 â€Å"An affiliation, association or collection of people, regardless of whether consolidated or not, built up to help, managing and controlling business in purchasing, selling and managing in protections. † Features of Stock Exchange 1. Market for securitiesâ : Stock trade is, where protections of corporate bodies, government and semi-government bodies are purchased and sold. . Arrangements in second hand securitiesâ : It manages shares, debentures bonds and such protections previously gave by the organizations. In short it manages existing or recycled protections and henceforth it is called auxiliary market. 3. Directs exchange securitiesâ : Stock trade doesn't accepting or sell any protections for its own. It simply gives the vital framework and offices for exchange protections to its individuals and specialists who exchange protections. It controls the exchange exercises to guarantee free and reasonable exchange 4.Allows dealings just in rec orded securitiesâ : indeed, stock trades keep up an official rundown of protections that could be bought and sold on its floor. Protections which don't figure in the official rundown of stock trade are called unlisted protections. Such unlisted protections can't be exchanged the stock trade. 5. Exchanges affected uniquely through membersâ : All the exchanges in protections at the stock trade are affected distinctly through its approved dealers and individuals. Outcasts or direct financial specialists are not permitted to enter in the exchanging circles of the stock exchange.Investors need to purchase or sell the protections at the stock trade through the approved agents as it were. 6. Relationship of personsâ : A stock trade is a relationship of people or group of people which might be enrolled or unregistered. 7. Acknowledgment from Central Governmentâ : Stock trade is a sorted out market. It requires acknowledgment from the Central Government. 8. Filling in according to rulesà ¢ : Buying and selling exchanges in protections at the stock trade are represented by the principles and guidelines of stock trade too as SEBI Guidelines.No deviation from the standards and rules is permitted regardless. 9. Explicit locationâ : Stock trade is a specific commercial center where approved merchants meet up every day (I. e. on working days) on the floor of market called exchanging circles and direct exchanging exercises. The costs of various protections exchanged are appeared on electronic sheets. After the working hours advertise is shut. All the working of stock trades is led and controlled through PCs and electronic framework. 10. Money related Barometersâ : Stock trades are the monetary gauges and evelopment pointers of national economy of the nation. Modern development and solidness is reflected in the file of stock trade. EXISTING STRUTURE OF STOCK EXCHANGE IN INDIA STOCK EXCHANGE OTHERS NSE BSE BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE The Bombay Stock Exchange is the most seaso ned trade in Asia. It follows its history to the 1850s, when four Gujarati and one Parsi stockbroker would assemble under banyan trees before Mumbai's Town Hall. The area of these gatherings changed ordinarily, as the quantity of intermediaries continually increased.The bunch in the long run moved to Dalal Street in 1874 and in 1875 turned into an official association known as ‘The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association'. In 1956, the BSE turned into the main stock trade to be perceived by the Indian Governmentâ under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. The Bombay Stock Exchange created the BSE SENSEX in 1986, giving the BSE a way to quantify by and large execution of the trade. In 2000 the BSE utilized this file to open its subordinates showcase, exchanging SENSEX fates contracts.The advancement of SENSEX alternatives alongside value subsidiaries followed in 2001 and 2002, growing the BSE's exchanging stage. Truly an open objection floor exchanging trade , the Bombay Stock Exchange changed to an electronic exchanging framework 1995. It took the trade just fifty days to make this progress. This mechanized, screen-put together exchanging stage called BSE With respect to line exchanging (BOLT) at present has a limit of 8 million requests for every day. The BSE has additionally presented the world's initially concentrated trade based web exchanging framework, BSEWEBx. o. in to empower financial specialists anyplace on the planet to exchange on the BSE stage. The BSE is at present housed in Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers at Dalal Street, Fort territory. NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE The National Stock Exchange (NSE) isâ stock exchangeâ located at Mumbai, India. It is in the best 20 biggest stock exchangesâ in the world byâ market capitalizationâ and biggest in India by day by day turnover and number of exchanges, for the two values and subsidiary exchanging. NSE has a market capitalization of around US$1 trillion and more than 1,652 postings starting at July 2012.Though various different trades exist, NSE and the Bombay Stock Exchangeâ are the two most critical stock trades in India, and between them are liable for by far most of offer exchanges. The NSE's key list is the S&P CNX Nifty, known as the NSE NIFTY (National Stock Exchange Fifty), a record of fifty significant stocks weighted by advertise capitalization. NSE is commonly possessed by a lot of driving money related organizations, banks, insurance agencies and other monetary middle people in India yet its proprietorship and the executives work as isolated entities.There are at any rate 2 remote investors NYSE Euro next and Goldman Sachsâ who have taken a stake in the NSE. Starting at 2006, the NSE VSAT terminals, 2799 altogether, spread in excess of 1500 urban communities across India. In 2011, NSE was the third biggest stock trade on the planet as far as the quantity of agreements (1221 million) exchanged value s ubsidiaries. It is the second quickest growingâ stock exchangeâ in the world with a recorded development of 16. 6%. Job OF STOCK EXCHANGE * Effective Mobilization Of Savings Stock trades give sorted out market to a person just as institutional investors.They direct the exchanging exchanges with appropriate principles and guidelines so as to guarantee financial specialist's insurance. This assists with solidifying the certainty of financial specialists and little savers. Along these lines, stock trades pull in little reserve funds particularly of huge number of financial specialists in the capital market. * Promoting Capital development The assets prepared through capital market are given to the enterprises occupied with the creation of different products and ventures valuable for the general public. This prompts capital arrangement and advancement of national resources. The reserve funds activated are channelised into suitable roads of speculation. More extensive Avenues of specul ation Stock trades give a more extensive road to the venture to the individuals and associations with investible excess. Organizations from assorted enterprises like Information Technology, Steel, Chemicals, Fuels and Petroleum, Cement, Fertilizers, and so on offer different sorts of value and obligation protections to the speculators. Internet exchanging office has brought the stock trade at the doorsteps of financial specialists through PC organize. Assorted sort of protections is made accessible in the stock trades to suit the fluctuating targets and thoughts of various classes of investor.Necessary data from stock trades accessible from various sources controls the speculators in the powerful administration of their venture portfolios. * Liquidity of venture Stock trades give liquidity of speculation to the financial specialists. Financial specialists can sell out any of their interests in protections whenever during exchanging days and exchanging hours on stock trades. Along th ese lines, stock trades give liquidity of speculation. The on-line exchanging and online settlement of demat protections encourages the speculators to sellout their ventures and understand the returns inside a day or two.Even financial specialists can switch over their venture starting with one security then onto the next as per the changing situation of

Industry and Market Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industry and Market Analysis - Essay Example (Bieber, Meurer, Surmann and Rassek, 2013) A phone meet with the General Manager of The Surrey Hotel, a rich Manhattan inn on the Upper East Side, Mr. Shan Kanagasingham, uncovered that the accommodation business is one that has incredible business opportunity as far as net revenues. As indicated by him, a great deal of financial specialists are battling to have a ‘piece of the cake’ of the neighborliness business. He says that the pool of shopper request is greater now for the accommodation business than it was some time back. Individuals are additionally ready to burn through cash on relaxation and diversion. Agents are additionally settling on agreeable, sumptuous and a top of the line experience paying little mind to the measure of cash they spend, â€Å"value for money† is the thing that they call it. Mr. Shan says that they can get a normal of 500 visitors in a day whether it is for boarding purposes, visiting the wellness place or simply having a supper in the cafés or a conference in the gathering rooms. He anyway expresses that the neighborliness business is a cost cognizant business. The best inns are a joint endeavor from different financial specialists who arrange assets so as to make the best neighborliness experience for its shoppers. One needs assets, for example, structures or premises, a pool and qualified human capital that will encourage the running of the lodging in addition to other things. As indicated by a meeting completed with the General Manager of New Intercontinental Dallas Mr. Scott Blakeslee, the feasible income could average to $120.5 billion for the entire business in the year 2012. The America Hotel and Lodging affiliation has recorded an expansion in income in the friendliness business throughout the years. As indicated by Mr. Blakeslee, there has been an expansion in inhabitance in the business and along these lines makes the business more beneficial than different years. Room inhabitance much of the time, is the thing that decides the net revenues. In any case, he rushed to take note of that this

Dimensions of Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Measurements of Culture - Research Paper Example This implies individuals in the United States don't fit in with one another and work while offering priority to their own enthusiasm over the enthusiasm of the general public and their family (Clearlycultural.com, 2009). With regards to the social element of manliness, Americans experience to a greater extent a manly social direction. This is on the grounds that in the United States more inclination is given to the estimations of individual accomplishments just as individual accomplishment when contrasted with the female social qualities, for example, thinking about others. The American residents have no issues in overseeing and acting in unsure circumstances. The residents of America are bound to confront new difficulties and new situations in a positive way and are consistently prepared to acknowledge change. Finally, the individuals of the United States don't have a future situated methodology in their life (Geert-hofstede.com, 2015). They are bound to embrace current circumstance s and care about the present. This can be seen through the way that the individuals in the United States don't anticipate setting aside cash and utilizing it sometime down the road and they rather acquire merchandise and enterprises using a loan and pay for them as they

Assess whether you believe that representations of women in mens magazines such as Loaded and FHM are offensive and in poor taste. :: essays research papers fc

For the individuals who have not set aside the effort to peruse a choice of men’s magazines they may connect them with erotic entertainment or game. Since the mid-90s, a harvest of extremely fruitful magazines focused on youngsters has risen, led by the questionable Loaded. It is significant for me to build up at an early stage in this article men’s magazines, for example, stacked and FHM, are general way of life magazines; the cutting edge men's magazine is about games and vehicles just as sex, style, ladies, and silliness. This exposition will consider whether the sexual idea of these magazines is annoying and boring. One must remember that taste relies upon the individual; it is an individual judgment. What a few people find in agreeability others may discover profane. As the idea of what is adequate in our general public differs after some time so plainly it fluctuates starting with one individual then onto the next. Men’s magazines, for example, Loaded and FHM, could be taken a gander at as hostile to the two people as they fortify cliché pictures of macho men and chauvinist mentalities to there perusers. Women's activist, Robin Morgan offered some striking expressions when she expounded on sex entertainment, she said that it empowered sexual brutality and assault against ladies: â€Å"Pornography is the hypothesis, assault is the practice† She alludes to erotic entertainment as mortifying ladies â€Å"Women are harmed and financially and explicitly misused in the creation of pornography.† (1) However isn’t it an audacious articulation to allude to these magazines as erotic entertainment? David Gauntlett contends: â€Å"Men’s magazines are only for amusement, they are not genuinely on a campaign to come back to a pre women's activist perfect or damage anybody trying to give entertainment.† (2) This is a typical assessment where most perusers are concerned. I feel there is a significant distinction where chauvinist mentalities become possibly the most important factor, between way of life magazines and magazines, for example, Top Gear or other vehicle magazines which have half bare females hung over the body, for no clear explanation †as she isn’t an assistant to the vehicle! Way of life magazines for the most part depict ladies in a sexual manner; they evoke a shallow and unreasonable view. Some contend that the development of such magazines is an endeavor to recover male predominance. Lacey recommends that it is the lessening of men's capacity that has brought about distributions like FHM and Loaded, he says that the festival of 'laddishness' is an edgy endeavor to get a handle on what is left of customary male character.

Crowd Sourcing of Crisis Information COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Crowd Sourcing of Crisis Information COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A group of SIPA students was recently featured on Al Jazeeras Web site.   The story (text and video) shows how technology developed in Kenya is making it possible to have an impact during crisis situations, even if those interested in assisting are thousands of miles away.   The text below is taken from the Al Jazeera Web site. University students have always been known for their activism, but I just met a group at Columbia University’s School of Public Affairs (SIPA) who are using technology to take it to a new level. They are volunteers who have been holed up in the basement of the school’s library, despite their exams, ever since an earthquake struck Chile. They work in shifts from a tiny room without windows, amid half-eaten snacks and potato-chip wrappers, but they are able to have a direct impact on how aid is delivered to the people in Chile   thanks to an amazing new tool available right on their laptops. They are using an open source   meaning anyone can use it computer program called Ushahidi. Ushahidi allows them to take information provided by text messages, email, and twitter and create a “crisis map” of where help is needed. Al Jazeeras Kristen Saloomey reports from Columbia University in New York city where the technology is being applied.

Same Sex Marriages (Essay) - 275 Words

Same Sex Marriages (Essay Sample) Content: Test EssayShould same sex marriage be legalized? Why or why not?Same sex marriages have drawn controversy in modern society due to different opinion people hold. I feel legalization of these marriages should go ahead without much friction. Discussed below are some factors I considered before making a judgment.Everyone has rights. Right to live, worship, and engage in marriage among others. Same sex marriage can be treated as a way of life of some individuals. There is need to appreciate and accept diversity in universe. People have different ways of life and different tastes. We therefore should learn to embrace this, and include it as a right to these persons.Secondly, we need harmony in the society. Feeling discriminated or any sense of prejudice simply creates unwanted tension. The moment we illegalize these sort of marriages, a party is deemed misfit. They will find the society miserable and maybe prefer being behind bars. Is this necessary? We are all human and s hould accept everyone indifferent of our lifestyles. Furthermore, denying people such rights can always lead to emergenc...

American Dream Is Still Alive - 2239 Words

American Dream is Still Alive My whole life I grew up believing that there is such thing as the American Dream. The last couple years my faith in that has been tested for sure. Today there are many problems with the economy; there are many people out there who think theres no such thing as the American Dream anymore. â€Å"The creation of a government that is out of control, and thus out of touch, robs every citizen, preventing fulfillment of the original American Dream (Thomas 569).† I agree with this, however I am still proud to be an American and I believe that no matter how hard it is, you can do anything you put your mind to. Its not going to be easy; in fact it will be much more challenging than it used to be when the economy was†¦show more content†¦America has recently fallen into a great recession, and though some claim we are no longer in a recession, our country and has never quite bounced back. Our economy is fragile and unstable. â€Å"In June 2009†¦.native born workers lost 1.2 million [jobs] (Herbert 565).† Businesses are afraid to hire more workers; for fear that consumers aren’t comfortable spending money quite yet. Consumers are afraid to spend money for fear that they won’t be earning any more. People who were once financially stable are barely getting by, some even homeless. This recession has been said to be equal to, if not worse than, the Great Depression. â€Å"The human suffering in the years required to recover from the recession will continue to be immense (Herbert 565).† Recovery may be happening, but is definitely an unstable process. Jobs are still hard to come by and a living wage is still almost unheard of. â€Å"The U.S. needs to develop a full-employment economy that provides jobs for all who want to work at pay that enables workers and their families to enjoy a decent standard of living (Herbert 565).† In this day and age, it is as much about earning a wage that pays the bills as it is to have a job. What’s the point of working 45 hours a week if it doesn’t pay all your bills? Many people are willing to work the jobs that they may have never considered before, but those jobs don’t come close to paying a living wage. Potential smallShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream Is Still Alive Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream Nowadays, many Americans wonder if the American Dream is still alive. At one point in our country, people felt that they could achieve success by working hard. However, after the economic hardships and recession of the 21st century, a number of Americans not only lost income, but some also lost their jobs. Although there has been slow progression to improve the economy, there are those who question whether or not the dream of Americans can ever be achieved again. With unemploymentRead MoreEssay on Is The American Dream Still Alive?531 Words   |  3 PagesI think the American Dream says that anything can happen if you work hard enough at it and are persistent, and have some ability. The sky is the limit to what you can build, and what can happen to you and your family expressed Sanford I. Weill. The American Dream is still alive and obtainable. Many people have a definition of what the American Dream that is obtainable in their minds. People all have unique individual lives. 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Or has it simply become too unobtainable that it has vanishedRead MoreEssay on Is the American Dream Still Alive and Well787 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Is the American Dream Still Alive and Well?† (Debate) The American Dream is the result of possibilities and success. The term â€Å"American Dream† was been invented by James Truslow Adams in 1931: â€Å"That dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every man, with opportunity for each according to his ability or achievement.† Another reference to the American Dream appears in the Declaration of Independence (1776). The author wrote that people are â€Å"endowed by their creatorRead MoreAmerican Identity822 Words   |  4 PagesIs the American Identity still alive? Has it died? The issue concerning the American identity is has it died. Many claim that new cultures, new races, and new traditions have degraded the American identity. 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Rental And Leasing Services At E Commerce - 1304 Words

Rental and Leasing Services in E-commerce Nowadays, companies provide rental and leasing services on the network is a common type of E-commerce and this industry become more and more widely welcome by people along with the rise of E-commerce. This is because rental and leasing services provide greatly convenient to customers and typically save the budget of customers. There are some well-known E-business companies provide such services like Amazon and Borrowlenses, or other professional sites such as bookrenter, rent the run way and so on. Redbox - HYPERLINK http://www.redbox.com/ http://www.redbox.com/ Amazon - HYPERLINK http://www.amazon.com/ http://www.amazon.com/ Rent the run way - HYPERLINK https://www.renttherunway.com/ https://www.renttherunway.com/ More and more E-commerce industry started to provide rental services. It is not just a one-time purchase and it already including clothing, luxury goods, real estate and so on. This interaction rental model of E-commerce was developed under the background which contain a huge potential demand and still need to guide to develop. This business model based on the demand of lessee which provide a supply and demand information interaction and an online and offline business interaction. It s an electronic expression of lease business model. This model consists of online information service system and operation systems offline. The online information service system including information collection of rentalShow MoreRelatedEnterprise rent a Car Strategy3278 Words   |  13 Pageslargest car rental companies in North America. It specializes in providing customers temporary or a replacement vehicle. Jack Taylor founded the company in 1957 where he started Enterprise Rent-A-Car as an Executive Leasing Company with only seven cars. The company began leasing cars for longer periods. 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These are terms used to describe the desired (and often purely conceptual) transformation of the private sector, from one of often flagrant resource use and disposal into a sustainable and ecologically concerned industry. ?The eco-efficiency imperative is based on the idea that companies must come to terms with the new realities of population growth, increased evidence of global warming, ozoneRead MoreAir Asia Introduction3308 Words   |  14 Pagesairline company to work whereby employees are treated as part of the big family. Besides, AirAsia try to maintain the lowest cost hence everyone can fly with AirAsia. Highest quality product, embracing technology to lower the cost and improvement in service levels will be maintained  by the AirAsia airline also. Lastly, create a globally recognized ASEAN brand will be the mission part of AirAsia. AirAsia makes the low fare model possible and create values through their key strategies such as: Safety first

As Detailed In The “Historical Timeline History Of...

As detailed in the â€Å"Historical Timeline: History of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)†, the topic of Euthanasia and Physician-assisted Suicide has been around since the 5th century B.C. when ancient Greeks and Romans seemed to support Euthanasia before Christianity. Then, there was a transition in history where the consensus on the matter was that the Church and Common Law prohibited suicide and assisted suicide. The 18th century is where this topic became more prevalent where writers tried to start challenging the Church on their view, and in 1870 a man named Samuel Williams started to campaign for people to use morphine and other drugs for Euthanasia (â€Å"Historical Timeline: History of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted†¦show more content†¦PAS patients are terminally ill and formally ask for a prescription for a fatal dose of medicine that will end their lives when they want. Euthanasia is usually when a physician does something that will deli berately kill their patient with or without consent, and usually with a lethal dose of medicine (â€Å"What’s the Difference Between Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS) and Euthanasia?†). Euthanasia can be looked as a â€Å"mercy killing† to a suffering patient but the drawback with this process is that the goal is death (Cahill 107). Upon further examination of Mr. Michaels case if they decide to sedate him until he passes then it will be a form of active euthanasia with the final goal being death. If at the beginning of the case he was in the right state of mind they gave him the means of choosing when to end his life, it would have been physician-assisted suicide. As soon as his seizures became more frequent there is the question of the soundness of his mental state as he even began to question his intellectual deterioration. Was he mentally coherent when he suggested that he wanted to â€Å"sleep and not wake up†? The internist did insist that Mr. Michael go see a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist did say that he was not clinically depressed, but it is extremely possible that he went into the appointment knowing he had to act a certain way to get the diagnoses that he is not clinically depressed. There is also the factor that he would not be injectingShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay 1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethical Dilemmas of Euthanasia in Canada with the Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide This systematic analysis of the professional literature will explore the ethical dilemmas that Canadian medical professionals face while considering euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, the latter of which was made legal in Canada on June 17, 2016 (Chochinov and Frazee, 2016). This paper will discusses the conflicts that healthcare professionals are faced with when looking at the quality of lifeRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 Pagessexually and/or emotionally attracted to men. The word gay can be used to refer generally to lesbian, gay and bisexual people but many women prefer to be called lesbian. Most gay people dont like to be referred to as homosexual because of the negative historical associations with the word and because the word gay better reflects their identity. Bisexual A bisexual person is someone who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to people of both sexes. Transgender or Trans Is an umbrellaRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesor other12 wise impose any limit or condition on the coverage under 13 the plan with respect to an individual or dependent based 14 on any of the following: health status, medical condition, 15 claims experience, receipt of health care, medical history, 16 genetic information, evidence of insurability, disability, or 17 source of injury (including conditions arising out of acts 18 of domestic violence) or any similar factors. 19 SEC. 212. GUARANTEED ISSUE AND RENEWAL FOR IN- 20 SURED

Apple Corporation - 1673 Words

External/Internal Factors Apple is a company that has the most innovative technology and is one of the most respected global companies today that has diversity as a priority. In an Era when most technology outfits have tightened their belts to adapt to a slower- growing market, only one company stands out for forging ahead with innovation and that is Apple. In Business environments of today the four functions of management must work in harmony for business to have a better chance of succeeding. A vital part in allowing the four functions of management to work is through delegation. Globalization and technology is at the forefront of Apple’s organization. We will look at how Apple uses the four functions of management to work with†¦show more content†¦Apple executives agree that high ethical standards are important in their organization. Ethics programs are put in place to affect how an employee would handle an ethical issue that would come about on the job. Employees are given training t hat will allow them to have a guideline on how to acknowledge and execute any ethical dilemmas that may arise. Globalization is a diverse environment of customers. Apple has to deal with cultural differences in the global market. Of the four functions of management, the planning and organizing processes will be impacted the most. Apple has to consider the requirements and differences in customer satisfaction. For example, language is a factor when dealing with global customers and the need to have instructions in various languages is important for the customers. A major factor that affects organization like Apple is compliance with laws and regulations. Abiding by the federal, state, and agency laws has companies addressing or readdressing company ethical values. The environment is an external factor that affect companies like Apple. The technology Apple uses to make its product is vital as Apple has been praised for efforts being green. For example, Apple has eliminated toxic substances like lead, mercury, and arsenic which are harmful to the environment. Technology has become a more liable source of communication and entertainment. It may appear difficult to think that technology affects AppleShow MoreRelatedMarketing Of The Apple Corporation Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesApple, Inc. engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of mobile communication, media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players (Forbes Media LLC, 2016). The Apple Corporation offers a wide variety products and services such as the iPhone, iPad, and Mac computer. The company was founded by Steven Paul Jobs, Ronald Gerald Wayne, and Stephen G. Wozniak on April 1, 1976 (Rawlinson, 2016). The original Apple computer was to be priced at a meager $666.66 for consumer purchaseRead MoreEssay on Globalisation of the Apple Corporation 1571 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalisation: The Apple Corporation Globalisation highlights a process in which national and more localised economies, societies, and cultures are become interconnected through the worldwide network of trade, communication, immigration and transportation. (Anon., 2014) This essay will assess to what extent the Global Corporation Apple meets Luke Martell’s 5 criteria of Globalization. Upon establishing these 5 steps which are Global in distance, globally Inclusive, Interdependency, and StabilityRead MoreApple Inc. An American Corporation1259 Words   |  6 PagesApple INC is an American corporation headquartered in the state of California. Founded on April 1st, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. The Company designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, accessories, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications. All these products are s old worldwide through Apple’s retail storesRead MoreApple, a Socially Responsible Corporation2536 Words   |  11 PagesApple, a Socially Responsible Corporation It is no mystery that companies exist and desire to make a profit from their product or service being offered. However, it is becoming increasing popular that companies desire to achieve social responsibility in order to increase their public image, which in turn should lead to increased profits. In this class, we learned that social responsibility is the duty to take an action that will benefit the interests of society and the organization (Kinicki amp;Read MoreThe Success Of Apple Software Corporation2925 Words   |  12 PagesChristine Carnes MGT 303 July 26, 2015 Rich Abshier The Success of Apple Introduction A successful company is like a well-engineered and constructed building. The foundation of the building is well grounded – powerfully anchored to the concrete base and the steel that will support the building. Amid the systematically arranged infrastructure, is the steel skeleton made of cement columns and beams that will support the outer facade. In like manner, a successful company begins with a vision andRead MoreThe Success Of Apple Software Corporation2925 Words   |  12 PagesChristine Carnes MGT 303 July 26, 2015 Rich Abshier The Success of Apple Introduction A successful company is like a well-engineered and constructed building. The foundation of the building is well grounded – powerfully anchored to the concrete base and the steel that will support the building. Amid the systematically arranged infrastructure, is the steel skeleton made of cement columns and beams that will support the outer facade. In like manner, a successful company begins with a vision andRead MoreCompensation Practices : Apple Corporation2260 Words   |  10 PagesCompensation practices Apple Apple Corporation was formally known as Apple Computer, Inc. It is an American based multinational organization. Organization s base camp situated in Cupertino, California. Macintosh creates, outlines, and offers PC programming, shop gadgets, and PCs. One of its most famous items is the Mac line of PCs, iPhone, iPad, and iPod. Some of its product incorporates iTunes, media program OS X, and the iOS are working frameworks. The organization was begun on April 1, 1976Read MoreApple Corporation: Ethical and Social Responsibility1944 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿RUNNING head: Apple Corporation: Ethical and Social Responsibility Apple Corporation: Ethical and Social Responsibility Romeo Gamble Strayer University Apple Inc.  is an American corporation that is located headquartered in in  Cupertino,  California that designs, develops, and sells electronics like computer software, online services, and personal computers. It’s very well known for hardware products like the  Mac computers,  iPods, iPhone andRead MoreBackground on the on the Multinational Corporation of Apple, Inc.2735 Words   |  11 Pages1.0 Background of Apple Inc Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation. It’s a corporation that designs, manufacture and sells consumer electronics, computer software, personal computers, services, networking solution and commercial servers. Its best-known hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPod media player, the Ipad tablet computer, and the Mac line of computers. Besides that, Apple company consumer software includes the iOS operating systems, the OSX, and the iTunesRead MoreApple As A Global Multinational Corporation Based Out Of Cupertino1407 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Apple is a global multinational corporation based out of Cupertino, California Apple designs, sells and develops personal computers, computer software and consumer electronics. Apple was founded by the late Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. A few of Apple’s most popular products are the I Pad, the I Phone, the I Pod music player and of course the line of MAC pc’s. In addition to the host of hardware electronics that Apple makes and manufactures, Apple also makes consumer

Working Conditions of the Meat Industry Free Essays

Recognition of the inherent dignity and of equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person. These few words pretty much sums up the mission of the Human Rights Watch (HRW), an international non-governmental organization whose main focus is to ensure the wellbeing and the inherent rights to life that all human beings are entitled to. We will write a custom essay sample on Working Conditions of the Meat Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now By using means such as the media for example, Human Rights Watch sets out to not only insure that all human beings live their lives with dignity but to also bring to justice those who, through merciless dictatorships, suppress the happiness and basic human rights of their people. The purpose of this paper is to discuss my opinion on whether or not I agree with certain changes recommended by the HRW in regards to work safety when it comes to immigrant workers. I will provide my opinion and consider some of the utilitarian and deontological considerations. In 1906, Upton Sinclair’s novel â€Å"The Jungle† uncovered harrowing conditions inside America’s meat packing plants and initiated a period of transformation in the nation’s meat industry. The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Federal Meat Inspection Act were both passed later that year, and labor organizations slowly began to improve the conditions under which the country’s meat packers toiled. But some critics say America’s meat business has been in decline for decades and that the poor conditions found in slaughterhouses and packing facilities today are often little better than those described by Sinclair. The Human Rights Watch was founded in 1978 as â€Å"Helsinki Watch† to support and protect individual dissidents and independent citizen groups in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The aim was to defend the rights of suppressed writers, scholars, and intellectuals, and to ensure that their governments complied with the 1975 Helsinki Accords, which, among other things, affirmed citizens’ rights to monitor the human rights practices of their own governments. The first expansion came in 1981 when Americas Watch was established to demonstrate that human rights standards are universal and should be applied equally to governments of all political stripes. The HRW group investigated the meat and poultry industry’s unfair, unethical and inhumane practices and found that things needed to be changed. HRW recommended an assortment of things to change to include â€Å"new laws and policies should ensure respect for the human rights of immigrant workers, whatever their legal status. Immigrants should have the same workplace protections as non-immigrants, including coverage under fair labor standards and other labor laws, and the same remedies when their rights are violated† and â€Å"New federal and state laws should reduce line speed in meat and poultry plants and establish new ergonomics standards to reduce repetitive stress injuries. Health and safety authorities should apply stronger enforcement measures. States should develop stronger worker compensation laws and enforcement mechanisms. These changes were recommended because there is a massive influx of immigrant workers in the meat and poultry plants around the country. Also a significant number of these workers are unaware of their workplace rights. Many of these workers and their family are also undocumented and don’t want to draw attention to themselves. Because of their undocumented status, this prevents workers from seeking protection for their rights as workers from government authorities. The meat and poultry industry takes advantage of these fears and use it to their advantage. They play on the fears of these undocumented workers to keep them in abusive conditions that violate basic human rights and labor rights. Regardless of someone legal status, no one deserves to work in unsafe filthy conditions. I do agree with the changes that the HRW put forth. I have to agree that the illegal and some legal immigrant population are unfairly taken advantage of. The meat and poultry industry has the duty to protect and provide a safe working environment for their workers and also provide for damages or injury in the event of it happening regardless of legal status. Most of the nation’s 17. 7 million immigrant workers toil, like those who preceded them, in jobs that native-born Americans refuse to do. They work as meatpackers, hotel maids, hamburger flippers, waiters, gardeners, seamstresses, fruit and vegetable pickers, and construction hands. John Gay, a lobbyist for the American Hotel Lodging Association, says there are places in this country where we wouldn’t survive without immigrants, which is pressing Congress to allow more â€Å"essential workers† into the United States. The trend is to push our own children into college to be rocket scientists or computer programmers. But who is going to do these hard jobs that we have? Who is going to change bedpans in a nursing home? Or change beds in hotels? † Jobs in poultry plants across the South, once held almost exclusively by American blacks, are now dominated by Mexican immigrants. Textile plants run largely on the labors of Hispanic workers. In the Kentucky coal fi elds, mining companies are considering recruiting miners from the Ukraine. From a Utilitarian perspective, requiring meat packing lines to slow down will increase man hours and reduce productivity. If chain speeds were legislatively mandated to be reduce by 25 %, the same plants which currently lack management commitment to safe foods would continue to produce the same amount of contaminated food as it did prior to the forced reduction. The management would not be inclined to make changes which would cost money if they are losing money because of decreased production due to the reduction of the speed lines. The meat and poultry industry does not promise rose-garden workplaces, nor should it be expected of them. OSHA offered special incentives to meat packers who entered into voluntary agreements with the agency to lessen their ergonomic hazards. While they would still be subject to OSHA inspections, they would not be cited or penalized on ergonomic grounds. From a deontological stance, food safety is compromised when production lines move too quickly for its line workers to properly assess risks. Working in the meat and poultry industry is a difficult job that I stated before most Americans would not do. It is the meat packing companies’ duty to ensure our foods and the workers who process them are as safe as they can be. If speed lines were reduced, health risks to employees will reduced and our meats can be properly assessed thus resulting in less contaminated meats making their way to out grocery stores. In conclusion it is obvious to see that rights and responsibilities were not carried out by the meatpacking industry. They were greed driven business who â€Å"poisoned for profit† as President Roosevelt said. The meatpackers had a right to make their product but did not take the responsibility to do it in a manner that was safe for the workers and the consumer. Thanks to the Human Rights Watch and people like Upton Sinclair and Theodore Roosevelt who was sickened after reading an advance copy of Sinclair’s book called upon congress to pass a law that established the Food and Drug Administration. The meat industry today takes the responsibility in making working conditions safer and producing meat safer for the consumer. References Blackwell, Jon. 1906: Rumble over ‘The Jungle’, retrieved 15 Jun 2011 from: http://www.capitalcentury.com/1906.html Meatpacking in the U.S.: Still a â€Å"Jungle† Out There? (2006), retrieved 15 Jun 2007, from: http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/250/meat-packing.html Parker, Laura, USA just wouldn’t work without immigrant labor, (July 2001), retrieved 15 Jun 2011, from: http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/july01/2001-07-23-immigrant.htm How to cite Working Conditions of the Meat Industry, Papers

King Sejong the Great Essay Example For Students

King Sejong the Great Essay King Sejong, the fourth King of the Choson Dynasty from 1418 to 1450, is regarded by most Koreans as one of the greatest figures in their countrys history. Along with his strong love and enthusiasm for the nation, he enforced many significant reforms, laying the foundation for the Confucian state dynasty that was to rule for more than 500 years. One of the Kings ruling feature which I admire the most is his passion for education. He believed that everyone had a right to learn, which is the ultimate way for improving the nation to the greater extent. He founded a state research institute, the Hall of Worthies (Chiphyonjon), at the beginning of his reign, staffing it with talented officials who were encouraged to conduct a variety of research activities required for monarchical rule. The direction of government was thus set and the quality of governance enhanced. King Sejong was able to provide an environment for the nations development and prosperity. The invention of han-gul, the Korean alphabet, planned and directed by the king, is an achievement that no Korean can overlook. Koreans should show appreciation to him that they can express their language with an effective writing system. The invention of han-gul alone is enough to place Sejong as a historical figure for the nation. Sejong moreover believed that a king was morally obligated to ensure the common peoples basic lives. He also thought that he should refine their lifestyle through Confucian enlightenment. After his tenth year in power, he came up with methods to promote agriculture as a means of providing adequate food and clothing for his people. Agricultural policies were at the heart of King Sejongs rule. He focused on two areas: the development of agricultural technology and the implementation of an equitable taxation system for agricultural products. In terms of technology, Sejong wanted to transfer the advanced agricultural techniques used in the southern provinces to other parts of Korea and to develop and distribute medical services as a means of bolstering labor efficiency in agriculture. In addition to the agricultural achievements, several comprehensive medical texts were published including the compiled in 1431. Moreover, he published a manual for the general public entitled as part of the efforts to promote population growth. Later in the 12th year of his reign, King Sejong began looking into reform of the land tax problem. After painstaking consideration, the Tribute Tax Law (kongpop) was promulgated in 1444; it was in the 26th year of his reign. King Sejongs reign was also a time of great developments in science and technology. Advancements in astronomical science, one of Sejongs major achievements, along with the invention of han-gul, originated during this time. Sejong mobilized scholars to invent astronomical instruments, including armillary spheres for celestial observations and to determine the latitude of Kyongbokkung. Korean monarchs had long been interested in this field because it was thought to offer a window into the future. The development of a rain gauge during Sejongs reign was a significant development because it allowed scientists to accurately measure rainfall and therefore better predict the outcome of the years harvest, a crucial piece of information for the ruling government. Two years later, he ordered the development of various clocks, notably an automatically striking clepsydra (chagyongnu). As his policies for the improvement of living standards began to show results, he gradually introduced other pol icies aimed at popular enlightenment. I especially admire the creation of Korean alphabet, which I think is an important result of King Sejongs practical humanitarianism and became an access even for the common people to learn. With his Confucian philosophy that regarded the people as the foundation of the state, King Sejong contributed to the improvement of living conditions for the common people and to the development of Korean culture. .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 , .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .postImageUrl , .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 , .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84:hover , .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84:visited , .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84:active { border:0!important; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84:active , .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84 .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4df45fac078d30d99490791fe15e1f84:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sweatshop Labor: Wearing Thin EssayBibliography:

Forensic Science Essay Research Paper The word free essay sample

Forensic Science Essay, Research Paper The word Forensic comes from the Latin forensus, significance of the forum.1 In ancient Rome, the forum was where lawmaking arguments were held, but it was besides where tests were held merely similar modern twenty-four hours courthouses. From that, forensic scientific discipline has come to intend the application of the natural and physical scientific discipline to the gesture of affairs within a legal context2. Forensic Science can be viewed as a three-party construction dwelling of a Collection, which pertains to the scientific discipline probe, Examination, which pertains to the medical probe and, Presentation, which pertains to the tribunals. A forensic instance will affect all facets of each of the three structured elements, each being every bit of import as the other. It is obvious that there needs to be a shared attack for the successful terminal of each instance. Each measure in forensic scientific discipline must be done in an exact order ; therefore it can be assured that the probe can hold few uncertainties about what is being debated. In this paper I will concentrate my attending on the first facet of the three-step construction, Collections and Scientific Investigation. I will demo what should be done at offenses scenes, how offense scenes should be handled and what stairss must be followed to guarantee that all grounds is uncontaminated as when the offense was committed. The intent of offense scene probe is to assist set up what happened at the offense and to place the responsible individual or people. Carefully documenting the state of affairs at a offense scene and acknowledging all important physical grounds do this. The ability to acknowledge and decently roll up physical grounds is frequently times critical to both work outing and prosecuting violent offenses. It is no hyperbole to state that in the bulk of instances, the jurisprudence enforcement officer who protects and searches a offense scene plays a important function in finding whether physical grounds will be used in work outing or prosecuting violent offenses. Documenting a offense scene and its conditions can include straight entering brief inside informations such as lighting, furniture, fingerprints, and other valuable information. Certain grounds if non collected right off can easy be lost, destroyed or ruined. The scope of probes can besides spread out to the fact of difference in such instances as self-destruction or self-defence. It is besides of import to be able to acknowledge what should be present at a offense scene, what to look for at a offense scene and what might look out of topographic point. A offense scene frequently does non relate to the direct country in which a victim or existent offense has occurred, but the possibility of flight or entree paths should besides be checked. Anything, which can be used to link a victim to a suspect or a suspect to a victim or a offense scene, is of import physical grounds. Richard Saferstein explains, Physical grounds encompasses any and all objects that can set up that a offense has been committed or can supply a nexus between a offense scene and its victim or a offense and its culprit ( 31 ) . I will now explicate the appropriate techniques and ways a offense scene and physical grounds should be handled and examined. One of the first things an officer should make one time he gets to the offense scene is to take control and procure the scene every bit rapidly as possible. This is to forestall anyone from destroying grounds and to maintain unauthorised individual or individuals out of the country such as the media, the populace or anyone who doesn # 8217 ; t belong. While this is being done, an officer should besides be watchful for useless grounds and note if there are any possible attack or flight paths. After an officer does this, he should reason the grade in which the scene has been protected and do certain there is adequate security in the country. All individuals come ining and go outing the offense scene should be logged and kept down to a bare lower limit to do certain the pureness of the offense scene when the instance goes to tribunal. Each individual involved in the offense scene should hold knowledge comparative to its original conditions to avoid from inadvertent motion of objects, grounds or anything, which might ache in the probe of the offense. When all of this is done, the following measure that can occur is the existent review of the offense scene. The review of the offense scene will normally get down with a walk through of the country along the test of the offense. The trail is that country, which all noticeable actions connected with a offense, took topographic point. It is besides sometimes marked by the presence of physical grounds ; this may include the point of entry, the location of the offense, countries where a suspect may hold cleaned up and the point of issue. The intent of the walk through is to observe the location of possible grounds and to mentally sketch how the scene will be physically examined. The first topographic point research workers should look is the land they walk on. This is to forestall any grounds from being destroyed and if observed should be marked and warned to others non to step in that country. As the walk through occurs, the research workers should do certain their custodies are busy and they don # 8217 ; t touch anything. The best manner to forestall from touching anything is to maintain your custodies in your pockets. Once the walk through has been completed, the scene should be documented with videotape, exposure and studies. Any or all objects can supply a nexus between a offense and its victim/suspect ; therefore it is really of import that the offense scene be good photographed and recorded One of the first stairss in documenting and entering a offense is videotape. Videotapes can supply a position on the offense scene layout that can non be as easy perceived in exposure and studies. The status of the scene should remain unaffected with the exclusion of markers placed by research workers to demo little things that might non be seen such as slugs, bloodstains or other key pieces of grounds. A key in videotaping is slow motion through out the scene and should be done so from get downing to stop. It is besides wise to travel over an country twice in order to forestall unneeded rewinding of the tape when screening and to do certain the taper has captured everything. Taping should get down with the general lineation of the scene and environing country. Taping should go on throughout the scene utilizing different angles, close-ups, and still shootings for a few seconds. Once videotaping has finished it is so best to besides capture the offense scene with still picture taking. Regardless if a scene has been videotaped, still photographs are a must at every offense scene. Although videotaping does enter everything, exposure can demonstrate certain things such as direct comparing. Actual size exposure can be used to compare fingerprint and shoe prints photographed at the scene against the suspect. Again, when photographing, the outer portion of the scene should be taking first to demo the environing countries, so towards the offense scene itself. Wide angle exposures should be used of the offense scene and environing countries. A good technique to utilize when hiting suites is to hit from many possible angles such as from all four corners, from a room access or from a window. When close-ups are necessary of cardinal pieces of grounds, a swayer should be photographed with the points where comparative size is of import. While each exposure is being taken, a individual should besides be taking notes on what the individual is hiting, in order at a ulterior day of the month to understand what was seeking to be accomplished. After still picture taking has been taken, the concluding measure in entering a offense scene is to chalk out and pull the scene out by manus. While exposures are planar and frequently can change distance and size, studies provide the agencies of demoing distance or objects, and an over-head position of the country and milieus. A study is normally made of the scene as if one is looking straight down or consecutive in front. Measurements should be taken at offense scene of distances between two objects, room measurings and cardinal pieces of grounds. Two measurings should be taken at right angles to each other from two location points. Each measuring should be double measured to do certain they are right and accurate. A professional utilizing all the measurings and notes taken by the research workers can do a concluding study. However, the original studies should non be thrown out but saved along with other cardinal grounds in instance a dissension occurs or something was missed. Once the offense scene has been recorded with videotaping, still picture taking and studies, assemblage of grounds can happen. Gathering and turn uping physical grounds is a really slow a boring occupation when done right, nevertheless, it can give up many hints. One of the first things an research worker must find is the size and country that must be searched. The chief focal point hunt must include all likely points of entry and issues used by the felons. When seeking, certain forms may be used to cover and analyze the country. There are about three different ways in which an country can be examined. One manner is a coiling hunt method, which is by get downing in the centre of the scene and work in a coiling outward do this method until all of the scene has been covered and checked. Another method and normally the preferable method is the grid method. This is done by taging the offense scene into a grid and walking in a consecutive line from one side of the grid towards the other where as you make 180 grades turn and come back a few stairss over from where you merely searched. This form overlaps itself and I feel is one of the best hunt methods. The concluding method used is a quadrant or zone hunt. This is when the scene is divided into certain quarter-circles, normally four and each zone is searched with either the spiral or deprive line hunt. Then after each zone is searched, the overall scene can be searched utilizing the above forms. When grounds is found it must be bundle and protected in a manner that prevents any physical alteration from go oning from the clip it is taken to the it reaches the offense research lab. Such things like breakage, taint, vaporization and ruined samples can all be avoided with proper handling and packaging. Original conditions must be maintained at all cost and when of all time possible the full object should be submitted to the offense research lab. Good judgement must be maintained and common sense normally plays a function. Each different point must be placed in separate containers to forestall cross- taint. It is besides wise to take comparative samples, so that grounds can be compared to normal or controlled pieces. Unbreakable bottles with palpebras are good for such things as hair, glass, fibres and other grounds. However, when anything contains blood grounds, it must be placed in a non-seal able container, such as paper bags. This is to halt bacterium from organizing and perchance doing the grounds unserviceable. Besides good for grounds aggregation are manila envelopes, composition board boxes and paper bags. Besides blood, particular involvement must be made towards vesture. All vesture must be air-dried and placed separately in separate paper bags to guarantee changeless circulation to forestall cast or mold from go oning. The lone clip a seal able container must be used, is in the instances when leery fires are being investigated. Finally, with gathering grounds at offense scenes, an research worker must do certain he non merely labels the grounds, but besides makes a right description on all studies and diagrams. Evidence should non be handled a great trade after recovery and should be kept down to as few people as possible. Research workers must continuously look into paperwork, packaging notations, and other recording of information for possible struggle or mistakes, which may do confusion or jobs at a ulterior clip in tribunal. Once grounds is gathered it must be sent to a research lab for processing and farther probe. When points are to be delivered the method normally depends on how far off the research lab is from the offense scene. In most instances, a province or local research lab is within a few hours and bringing can be made by personal bringing. However, in some instances when points must be shipped to F.B.I. central offices in Washington D.C. , personal bringing is normally out of the inquiry. When an point needs to be shipped via mail, it should be packaged in a manner non to damage it. Postal ordinances do prohibit such things as ammo or explosives from being send through the mail. Each point when shipped should be logged and sent with a checklist in order to do certain everything shipped is accounted for. An in depth study should besides be sent of the offense, notes, and why the points were sent and what should be looked for. Along with the grounds, control specimens should besides be sent to the research lab so that they can measure grounds to a normal piece of what is being looked for. One of the chief concerns with physical grounds ever argued by the tribunals is whether or non the grounds was obtained lawfully. Often with a few major tribunal instances, grounds has been thrown because it was obtained illicitly to do certain of a strong belief. The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provinces, The right of the people to be secure in their individuals, houses, documents, and effects, against unreasonable hunts and ictuss, shall non be violated, and no warrants shall publish, but upon likely cause, supported by curse or avowal, and peculiarly depicting the topographic point to be searched, and the individuals or things to be seized. ( U.S. Constitution ) With this, the Constitution means the constabulary do have a right to prehend points or grounds that might assist them in finding a suspect, nevertheless they do non hold to the right to take the points illegality. The constabulary must hold likely cause in order to take belongings and prehend points, which belong to person else. Unreasonable hunts and ictuss occur when the officers in charge do non hold the authorization to be at a certain topographic point or make non hold the tribunals or proprietors permission to look around, or about the individual # 8217 ; s belongings or country. One instance that clearly shows how illegal hunts and ictuss took topographic point against a suspect is in the instance of Michigan v. Tyler4. In this instance, Loren Tyler who leased a concern was charged with incendiarism after his concern was destroyed by fire. During the probe, assorted points and physical grounds were recovered from the edifice. However, on three other separate occasions, 4 yearss, 7 yearss, and 25 yearss after the fire, research workers came back to the scene and once more took assorted points that they thought would assist them construct a instance against Tyler. Each of these hunts was made without a warrant or without consent of the proprietor. During the test, the physical grounds seized in all four hunts was used to convict Tyler of incendiarism. On entreaty, the U.S. Supreme tribunal upheld a reversal of the strong belief stating that the grounds was illegal. The other hunts were made without consent, or with out likely cause, the resulting reentries to the scene were prohibited and a new test was arranged on these conditions. The message as explained from the Supreme Court is clear, When clip and fortunes permit, obtain a hunt warrant before investigation and recovering physical grounds at the offense scene ( Saferstein 50 ) . In decision, as we can see through out this study, aggregation and recording of a offense scene is really of import, with out proper regulations and particular handling, a felon can travel free. The intent of offense scene probes is to assist set up what happened, and to place the responsible individuals or victims. To figure this out, careful recording and probes of a offense scene must take topographic point. Recording the offense scene inside informations such things as topographic point, clip, conditions, lighting, fingerprints, grounds, etc. To enter a offense scene such things as videotape, still picture taking and studies are used to give a narrative or clip line of what happened and what took topographic point. Once the offense scene has been recorded, existent review for physical grounds occurs. This is where the research workers expression for hints such as fingerprints, bloodstains, points or anything, which might take them towards a suspect. When garnering grounds, each point should be topographic point in separate containers and certain regulations for blood stained apparels and fire probes apply. The research workers must maintain piece of land and record everything in which they recover from a offense scene. Searching a offense scene is a long and thorough procedure, nevertheless, it will give up many hints when done decently. Once the grounds is found, recorded and packaged, it must be sent to a offense lab for farther processing. Each point when shipped should be recorded, logged and accounted for from individual to individual so when used in a test, the grounds has been accounted for from get downing to stop. The concluding thing research workers must do certain is that all grounds was seized decently and with likely cause. This is the chief ground why in so many tribunal instances grounds is thrown out, improper hunts and ictuss. If any research worker is in uncertainty on whether or non a topographic point or individual can be search, it is ever best to obtain a warrant for that such ground.

Use of the English Essay Sample

Use of the English Essay SampleIf you want to get good grades in an English essay, the use of the English essay sample helps a lot. It is a general purpose essay sample with easy to understand structure and format.You can take a look at this essay sample for a chance to practice your writing skills. This test is widely accepted and many schools and colleges require the essay test for their students. By the time that you take this test, you have already mastered many things about the subject.There are many ways of analyzing the essays that are written in English. Since you already know some basics of writing, you can focus on improving those parts of the essay. A good use of the English essay sample can show you how to use all these parts to write a good essay.The point of the essay is to provide an insight into the subject and to express the opinion of the author in writing. This is one of the main objectives of writing an essay and using this essay sample will help you achieve that objective easily.Using the English essay sample is a great way to practice your essay writing skills. You can study it from any topic of your choice and can even try to practice it without reading the actual essay.You can use this English essay sample when you want to give the exam. This essay can show you how to format the content properly and provide the topic in a perfect way.The use of the English essay sample is one of the most popular methods used by the professors to test the students' understanding of the subject. You can also do this exercise to improve your writing skills.

Aphasia; an impairment of language function Essay Example

Aphasia; an impairment of language function Essay Example Aphasia; an impairment of language function Essay Aphasia; an impairment of language function Essay The ability to comprehend words processed non-auditory, suggests that the entrap semantic representation of words is intact, but the auditory lexicon input is detached from previous semantic knowledge. This results in a patients ability to process speech sounds, and reproduce them both orally and to dictation but have no comprehension of the words meaning. Laptop and Funnel (1981 ) argued this selective impairment to be of great theoretical significance because it indicates that there must be separate processes for written language and phonological encoding, otherwise written comprehension would be just as impaired as auditory comprehension, in all asses of aphasia. This essay will explore a case study of abstract word meaning deafness, firstly by describing how the case study was conducted and what pattern of results was found. The text will then evaluate whether the findings reliably imply a separate proves for phonological input and written abstract word processing through orthographic analysis, therefore providing evidence for Patterson Shells (1987) argument for auditory and visual processes in their lexical processing model. Finally this discussion will weigh the strength of the experiments findings and claimed implications, against issues of method, alternative implications and additional research to form a developed conclusion on how far abstract word meaning deafness can reliably illuminate functions of healthy language. Franklin S, Howard D, Patterson K (1994) ran extensive tests over a two year period on a patient that exhibited damaged auditory comprehension of abstract but not concrete words to test how the patients performance could reflect Patterson Shells 1987 processing model of lexical organization, by identifying a specific phonological semantic processing fault. The patient (DRY) suffered a stroke aged 54 causing a left middle coverall infract, Drys hearing and IQ was undamaged and was found to be normal. The patient underwent TV0 years speech therapy three times a week before the experimenters began a through 2 yearlong examination of Drys impairment. Franklin et el ran multiple tests aiming to establish the patients impairment at an auditory- semantic level. Key experiments tested auditory lexical decisions by getting ORB to match words with pictures. Analysis Of ORBs errors indicated whether e was making phonological errors (such as selecting a picture of an iron for the word lion,) or semantic errors (such as selecting a picture of a cat for the word lion. Further tests were conducted to test auditory, written, and speed( sound interpretation abilities of semantic proves through word repetition AR written dictation. The experimenters established DRY had an impaired auditory understanding of abstract words (such as love) but not concrete words, (e. G. Chair) with a full comprehension of all types of written words. The as shown in Drys ability to match abstract words with pictures, suggesting access to semantic lexical information was intact through the visual proves. However DRY made semantic errors when the same words were presented through auditory information. The lower the instability and more abstractness of the word resulted in more semantic errors. Furthermore the lack of phonological errors in correct auditory lexical decisions implies the impairment of comprehension is semantic rather that phonological. Word frequency and familiarity had no significant effect on correct phonological 01 mantic decisions. This pattern of impairment of auditory semantic comprehension and preserved phonological abilitys and written word comprehension matches the symptoms of pure word meaning deafness specified in the introduction. However the patient Was unable to write or repeat non-words indicating an impairment of the process of speech sound! Which would not be expected in a perfect case of abstract word meaning deafness as full phonological encoding should be completely intact with only) semantic comprehension impaired. That said the majority of these findings purport an abstract word meaning deafness diagnosis providing evidence FCC a word meaning deficit. This condition establishes an argument for separate; auditory and written systems within models of language, thus supporting Patterson Shells 1987 processing model of lexical information. This model defines the process of auditory comprehension of words in a three part system. There is an initial auditory analysis of speech sounds, which the provides access to correct word forms in auditory input, allowing aces to word meaning within the cognitive system. The model identifies an process for written word comprehension begging in orthographic rather that auditory analysis. Franklin et al argues Drys pattern of impairment could BC explained in terms of damage to the second stage of auditory input, consequently denying access to word meaning through the auditory process ± but allowing access to the same words meaning through the preserved written word process. Conversely Drabs inability to reproduce non words could indicate an issue with the early phonological encoding that the experiments tests were too insensitive to find. This would suggest a potential overlap between phonological and semantic encoding, disproving Patterson et alls model. The experimenters counterbalance this argument bi suggesting that this impairment is a separate deficit resulting from the stroke which could be reasonably expected as stoke induced aphasia patients often suffer multiple language deficits. Caber, Tare A. -Z. K. Parsons, Fay Augusta Vides 2011) However although this suggestion could be consider viable HTH F-rankling et al accepts no empirical evidence can be offered to prove the explanation of the patients inability to process speech sound within the context of Patterson model, and consequently the theory requires further case studies of word meaning deafness to provide a reasonable argument fool word meaning deafness. Supporting evidence can be found in Hall and Riddances (1997) case study of an aphasia patient (K) with impaired auditor) comprehension with intact written comprehension mimics Drys pattern of symptoms and supports Franklins findings. Unlike DRY the patient was able to repeat and correctly write both real and non-words regardless of impression, demonstrating an isolated impairment of auditory semantic aces. These findings strengthen Freidmans argument for DRY having a separate language deficit which would account for his inability to reproduce non words. However due to the rare nature of word deafness research into this field is not large enough to be conclusive as external variables could be skewing the results. One potential issue in methodology is the assumption 0 full patient motivation when recording the results. DRY underwent extensive amounts Of language tests which would be hugely demanding on a covering aphasia patient. Most of the failed comprehension tests were responded to by dont know, stating he cant hear the word. But the experimenter acknowledges it is unlikely his comprehension is all or nothing. This contradiction between the experimenters expectation and the patients direct reports indicate that DRY s results may not completely reflect his abilitys as he could have lacked the motivation to try and access more difficult processing information. Nevertheless the study was incredibly thorough, a very detailed analysis of Drabs abilitys in over fifteen different sets in over two years is likely to accommodate for most i ssues of low motivation, as the pattern of abilitys was established across a great wealth ii texts. Furthermore this experiment was one of the first language studies not to only focus on the correct or incorrect answer but test how difficult DRY found responding by tests of word fluency in comparison with a healthy control group, thus proving a far more accurate representation of the patients impairment than previous research. As the study was began two years after the stroke occurred it would have been of interest to complete a allow up study 5-10 years later to review what impairments have been recovered.

Brighton Rock by Graham Green Essay Example

Brighton Rock by Graham Green Essay Example Brighton Rock by Graham Green Essay Brighton Rock by Graham Green Essay The world is filled with different types of people with different beliefs. There are people who do good because of religious beliefs or superstitions. There are people who do bad because they are filled with anger and the belief that people have damned them and done them wrong.And then there are people who make choices based on their simple belief of right and wrong. In the novel â€Å"Brighton Rock† written by Graham Green you will see how a kind hearted antagonist puts her own life in danger to fight for justice for a stranger who died because she fell under the simple category of believing in â€Å"right and wrong. One day, Ida Arnold was drinking at a pub she regularly frequented. What she did not realize was that this day would be different than any other day. She had no idea that when Fred Hale walked into the bar, the next weeks would be filled with excitement, sadness, heroism, unexpected riches and danger. Ida was always looking out for people. She was a kind soul and this proved no different with Fred Hale, the man she met just that day. Her journey begins when Fred, aka Kolley Kibber, came to her town to place his Messenger cards throughout Brighton Rock. This was his job. It was supposed to be a regular day but proved to be his last day. Pinkie, the new leader of Kite’s mob spotted him in the bar where Ida was singing. Pinkie approached Fred Hale who begged him not to tell any of the mobsters that he had come to town. They had a vengeance against him. Pinkie felt no sympathy for him as he was filled with evil. Ida Arnold was singing at the bar which was the reason Fred entered the establishment to begin with. He heard her singing from the street and was taken by her immediately and she by him. Fred, knowing that he was in immediate danger and needed to escape, convinced Ida into going on a date with him that day. He needed a decoy and she was an unsuspecting trusting women. As they walked though town they discussed their

Biocapital by Kaushik Rajan and the Network culture of Terranova Essay

Biocapital by Kaushik Rajan and the Network culture of Terranova - Essay Example Deciding that he did not want to pursue a career in laboratory-based experimental research, he shifted into the humanities and social sciences and obtained his Ph.D. in the History and Social Studies of Science and Technology from the STS Department at MIT in 2002. His background in biology deeply informed his choice of dissertation research topic. He claimed to have initially started following the Human Genome Project in mid-199 and that this was a particularly interesting time to be following the project, which had a year previously resolved into a race to sequence the human genome between the public-funded five-nation Human Genome Consortium and the private sector genome company, Celera Genomics (Rajan, 2005) (Paraphrasing made). He appeared to have found the taking out patents on gene sequences, where he said that the genome sequencing race was not just a race for credit, but was a race for ownership as well, and the legal, institutional and market contexts within which this rese arch was being performed was evidently crucial to understanding the larger technoscientific event that was unfolding (Rajan, 2005) (Paraphrasing made). Q1. What does Rajan learn in his investigations in Hyderabad and Bombay, in Silicon Valley, and in the company GenEd about the relationship between science and capitalism, and between nationalism and globalization? Briefly, describe his investigations in each of these locations and summarize what he learns about these relationships in each instance. Rajan (2005) claimed that his interest in sequence the human genome and the subsequent events in 1999 led his interest in corporate genomics, and he started especially following the business practices and strategies of genome companies in the United States. He claimed that it became clear to him very quickly that these practices and strategies could not themselves be adequately conceptualized without situating them in the larger context of the drug development marketplaces.

Three assignments need to be done Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Three assignments need to be done - Assignment Example This paper will examine various concepts such as the family tree, prenatal care and meta-analysis, which allows for the effective study of human participants in a group-based analysis. Family is the backbone of society, therefore, identifying and caring for the family unit are essential tasks in daily living. My name is Fahad Saad Alshammari, and I am 30 years of age. I am married to Ghazwaa Muqbil Alshammari. My wife and I have only one child that is a beautiful daughter whose name is Norah. My entire family is originally from the Middle East; Saudi Arabia to be exact. I am the third child in a family of six siblings, which entails four brothers and one sister. My first born sibling is called Bander and is aged 35 years. Bander works as a school teacher and is married with three children that is a girl names Jnan and two boys called Saad and Ali. My second born brother is called Bader and is currently 33 years old. Bader has two children; one daughter called Taleen and a son called Hatham. The fourth born in my family is called Sattam and is 27 years of age. Sattam works as a dentist in a local hospital. Like Bader, Sattam also has two children that is a son called Ammar and a daughter called Fatmia. My sister whose name is Aswak is 23 years of age and works as a teacher for children wi th special needs. Aswak is currently single concentrating on her career, which is quite noble. My last born sibling is called Faris and is a student. All my other siblings Bander, Bader and Sattam, are all happily married and live with their wives in different parts of the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. My parents are both from Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. My father whose name is Saad Alshammari is 55 years of age and is deployed in the nation’s military service. Being deployed in the military service has been quite adventurous for my father who gets to transverse the country and travelled all over the region as part of his

Programming Languages: Types and Uses

Programming Languages: Types and Uses 1. Introduction C Programming is a computer language that is structured and disciplined approach to program design. Its a good systems programming language. This is faster than java, more predictable performance and it has low level operations and it has a lot scope for bugs. This C programming has no Boolean type . It is used by using int false is zero and true is non-zero A simple C program int main()Text surrounded by /* and */ is ignored by computer and it is used to describe the program #include Preprocessor directive tells the computer to load contents of a certain file allows standard input/output operations C++ programs contain one or more functions, exactly one of which must be main and Parenthesis is used to indicate a function . int means that main returns an integer value and braces indicate a block.The bodies of all functions must be contained in braces . printf( Welcome to C!n ); Instructs computer to perform an action specifically and prints string of characters within quotes.Entire line is called a statement. All statements must end with a semicolon.- means escape character. Indicates that printf should do something out of the ordinary.n is the newline character return 0; A way to exit a function. return 0, in this case, means that the program terminated normally . Right brace } Indicates end of main has been reached. Linker When a function is called, linker locates it in the library and Inserts it into object program. If function name misspelled, linker will spot error because it cannot find function in library. Calculator This is use very frequently in everyday life by almost everyone . In this calculator we can only perform operations like addition (+), subtraction (-), division (%), multiplication(*), only integer valued functions. We get accurate values too . 2. Scientific Calculator This calculator can perform all the operations that normal calculator can do and it can also perform the operations like Trigonometry: Sine, Cosine, Tangent, Inverse^-1 Angles: DEG, DMS, Time Memories: M, K1, K2 Programs: LRN, COMP, HLT, (x) 3. C-Programming 3.1 What is c- programming ? A vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks . The term programming language usually refers to high-level languages, such as BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Java, and Pascal. Each language has a unique set of keywords (words that it understands) and a special syntax for organizing program instructions. Regardless of what language you use, you eventually need to convert your program into machine language so that the computer can understand it. There are two ways to do this: compile the program , interpret the program . 3.2 Programming process 3.2.1 Analyze the Problem A programmer must know what information will go into the software, how it will process the information, and what will result. All software must work with three concepts to be successful: Input: Information that comes from an external source and enters the software an. Input can come from typing on a keyboard, from records in a database, or from clicking on image with the mouse Processing: Manages information according to a piece of softwares logic. Processing is what the software does to the input it receives. This can be anything from adding a few numbers together to mapping the earths climate. Output: The information software produces after it has processed input. Output can appear on a computer screen, in a printout, or in records in a database. 3.2.2 Develop an Algorithm Algorithms are the steps needed to solve a problem using pseudocode or flowcharts. After creating an algorithm, programmers will check it. A logic error is a mistake in the way an algorithm solves a problem. Programmers check their algorithms by inputting test data and checking the logic by hand or with a calculator. 3.2.3. Document the Program: pseudocode Pseudocode uses English statements to create an outline of the necessary steps for a piece of software to operate. Programmers call these steps an algorithm. An algorithm is a set of specific steps that solves a problem or carries out a task. While there is no set of rules for writing pseudocode, it usually follows rules such as: Using simple English, Putting one command on a line, Placing any important words in bold, Starting from the top and work toward the bottom, Separating processes with spaces to form modules. 3.2.4 Write Code for the Program Code is when a programmer translates an algorithm into a programming language. 3.2.5 Run the Program Programmers also use program flowcharts to plot the softwares algorithm. A program flowchart is a graphical depiction of the detailed steps that software will perform. Unlike pseudocode, which has less structure, in flowcharts programmers must use symbols. 3.2.6 Testing the programs Debugging the process of finding errors in software code. Bugs are a common name for software errors. When programmers debug code, they look for syntax, run-time, and logic errors. Syntax errors mistakes in a software codes grammar. If you are supposed to use a semi-colon (;) and you use a colon (:) instead, you have made a syntax error. Run-time errors mistakes that occur when a programmer runs the software code . Logic errors mistake made in the way an algorithm solves a problem. 4. Types of programming 4.1 Object-oriented programming Object-oriented programming (OOP) is any programming language that uses objects to code software. An object instance is an exact copy of an object in OOP. An event-driven language responds to actions users perform on the program. Its an event when you click on a button, use a pull-down menu, or scroll down a window. In an event-driven language, each event triggers the program to action. An OOP program models the world of active objects. An object may have its own memory, which may contain other objects. An object has a set of methods that can process messages of certain types. A method can change the objects state, send messages to other objects, and create new objects. An object belongs to a particular class, and the functionality of each object is determined by its class. A programmer creates an OOP application by defining classes. 4.2 The Main OOP Concepts Inheritance: a subclass extends a superclass; the objects of a subclass inherit features of the superclass and can redefine them or add new features. Event-driven programs: the program simulates asynchronous handling of events; methods are called automatically in response to events. OOP Benefits Facilitates team development and Easier to reuse software components and write reusable software. Easier GUI (Graphical User Interface) and multimedia programming . 4.3 Web-programming Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the basic language for web programming. JavaScript a scripting language that allows you to add interactivity and other features to a Web page. Java Applets A small piece of software that enables applications to run on a Web page. Dynamic HTML combines cascading style sheets, JavaScript, etc., to bring high interactivity to Web sites. VBScript an interpreted scripting language based on Visual Basic. It is similar to JavaScript but only Microsofts Internet Explorer Web browser can use it. Software Development Tools Editor: programmer writes source code for te program. Compiler: translates the source into object code (instructions specific to a particular CPU). Linker: converts one or several object modules into an executable program. Debugger: stepping through the program in slow motion, helps find logical mistakes (bugs). 5. Array Group of consecutive memory locations and Same name and type To refer to an element, specifying Array name and Position number Format: arrayname[position number] First element at position 0 and n element array named c: c[0], c[1]c[n-1] Array elements are like normal variables c[0] = 3; printf( %d, c[0] ); Perform operations in subscript. If x = 3, c[5-2] == c[3] == c[x] When declaring arrays, specify: Name, Type of array, Number of elements arrayType arrayName[ numberOfElements ]; int c[ 10 ]; float myArray[ 3284 ]; Declaring multiple arrays of same type and Format similar to regular variables int b[ 100 ], x[ 27 ]; Examples Using Arrays Initializers int n[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; If not enough initializers r there, rightmost elements become 0 and If too many are there then its a syntax error. int n[5] = {0} All elements is 0 C arrays have no bounds checking and If size is omitted, initializers determine it int n[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; 5 initializers, therefore 5 this iselement array Character arrays String hello is really a static array of characters and Character arrays can be initialized using string literals char string1[] = first; null character terminates strings string1 actually has 6 elements char string1[] = { f, i, r, s, t, }; Access individual characters string1[ 3 ] is character s Array name is address of array, so not needed for scanf scanf( %s, string2 ) ; Reads characters until whitespace encountered and Can write beyond end of arrays. 5.1 Interpretation interpreter = program that executes program statements and generally one line or command at a time for a limited processing and its easy to debug, make changes, view intermediate results. 5.2 Compilation translates statements into machine language and does not execute, but creates executable program to perform optimization over multiple statements in order to changing requires recompilation and it can be harder to debug, since executed code may be different. 5.3 Compiling a C Program Preprocessor macro substitution and conditional compilation of a source-level transformations and output is still C. 5.4 Compiler generates object file from machine instructions. Source Code Analysis is a front end parses programs to identify its pieces variables, expressions, statements, functions, etc. depending on language (not on target machine). Code Generation is a back end generating machine code from analyzed source may optimize machine code to make it run more efficiently very dependent on target machine. Symbol Table map between symbolic names and items like assembler, but more kinds of information. 5.5 Linker combine object files (including libraries) into executable image. 5.6 Sorting Arrays Sorting data is Important computing application and eventually every organization must sort some data into Massive amounts of sorted information. Bubble sort (sinking sort) has Several passes through the array and Successive pairs of elements are compared in order to increasing order (or identical ), no change is there If decreasing order is done and if elements exchanged. 6. Algorithms There are many fundamental problems that arise in engineering and other areas of application. These include sorting data, searching for specific data values, numerical integration, finding roots of functions, solving ordinary differential equations and solving systems of linear equations and We will spend about four weeks studying important algorithms for these problems. Algorithms are the steps needed to solve a problem using pseudocode or flowcharts. After creating an algorithm and its programmers check its logic. A logic error is a mistake in the way an algorithm solves a problem. Programmers check their algorithms by inputting test data and checking the logic by hand or with a calculator. 7. IDE à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Integrated Development Environment The integrated development environment Combines editor, compiler, linker, debugger, other tools and Has GUI (graphical user interface), Compiles + links + runs at the click of a button Helps put together a project with several modules (source files) . Compiler: checks syntax and generates machine-code instructions so that its not needed to run the executable program to run faster . Interpreter: checks syntax and executes appropriate instructions while interpreting the program statements and must remain installed while the program is interpreted so the interpreted program is slower. Platform independent . Load from the Internet faster than source code. Interpreter is faster and smaller than it would be for Java source. Source code is not revealed to end users. Interpreter performs additional security checks, screens out malicious code. 8. Preprocessor Directives #include Before compiling, copy contents of header file (stdio.h) into source code. Then Header files typically contain descriptions of functions and variables needed by the program. no restrictions it could be any C source code #define STOP 0 Before compiling, it replaces all instances of the string STOP with the string 0 Called a macro and its Used for values that wont change during execution, but might change if the program is reused. (Must recompile) . main Function Every C program must have a function called main(). This is the code that is executed when the program is running. The code for the function lives within brackets. main() { /* code goes here */ } Variable Declarations Variables are used as names for data items. And Each variable has a type, which tells the compiler how the data is to be interpreted (and how much space it needs, etc.). int counter; int startPoint; int is a predefined integer type in C. Input and Output Variety of I/O functions in C Standard Library. And must include to use them. printf(%dn, counter); String contains characters to print and formatting directions for variables. This call says to print the variable counter as a decimal integer, followed by a linefeed (n). scanf(%d, startPoint); String contains formatting directions for looking at input. This call says to read a decimal integer and assign it to the variable start Point . Can print arbitrary expressions, not just variables printf(%dn, startPoint counter); Print multiple expressions with a single statement printf(%d %dn, counter, startPoint counter); Different formatting options: %d decimal integer %x hexadecimal integer %c ASCII character %f floating-point number Examples of C-Programming *Program to implement an array #include #include #define MAX 3 void insert ( int *, int pos, int num ) ; void del ( int *, int pos ) ; void reverse ( int * ) ; void display ( int * ) ; void search ( int *, int num ) ; void main( ) { int arr[3] ; clrscr( ) ; insert ( arr, 1, 11 ) ; insert ( arr, 2, 12 ) ; insert ( arr, 3, 13 ) ; printf ( nElements of Array: ) ; display ( arr ) ; insert ( arr, 2, 222 ) ; insert ( arr, 3, 333 ) ; printf ( nnAfter insertion: ) ; getch( ) ; } { int i ; for ( i = MAX 1 ; i >= pos ; i ) arr[i] = arr[i 1] ; arr[i] = num ; } { int i ; for ( i = pos ; i arr[i 1] = arr[i] ; arr[i 1] = 0 ; } { int i ; for ( i = 0 ; i { int temp = arr[i] ; arr[i] = arr[MAX 1 i] ; arr[MAX 1 i] = temp ; } } { int i ; for ( i = 0 ; i { if ( arr[i] == num ) { printf ( nnThe element %d is present at %dth position., num, i + 1 ) ; return ; } } if ( i == MAX ) printf ( nnThe element %d is not present in the array., num ) ; } } *Program to allocate memory dynamically for strings, and store their addresses in array of pointers to strings #include #include #include #include void main( ) { char *name[5] ; char str[20] ; int i ; clrscr( ) ; for ( i = 0 ; i { printf ( Enter a String: ) ; gets ( str ) ; name[i] = ( char * ) malloc ( strlen ( str ) + 1 ) ; strcpy ( name[i], str ) ; } printf ( nThe strings are: ) ; for ( i = 0 ; i printf ( n%s, name[i] ) ; for ( i = 0 ; i free ( name[i] ) ; getch( ) ; } 9. Conclusion and future work Conclusion Finally the conclusion is that a small study on the C-programming and how it is used to built scientific calculator. Future work The future work is that to implement scientific calculator based on the c-programming .